Additional media formulas are also provided for pris in appendix a. Bacteria and bluegreen algae are prokaryotes, while fungi, other algae, slime moulds and protozoa are eukaryotes. Review the criteria for bacterial classification and identification discuss the principles underlying the biochemical, staining and molecular techniques used for classification, identification and diagnosis illustrate the clinical applications of these diagnostic techniques emphasize the clinical implications of proper. Some bacteria live in water, with over a million bacteria in just a few drops. What are the characteristics common to all bacteria. Several excellent sources are listed in the reference section for identification of pris and other bacteria that may be isolated from fish sampled for the survey. Different forms of cells can be observed under the microscope. In this book who brings together and updates the various guidelines produced by who over the years on sampling of specimens for laboratory investigation, identification of bacteria, and testing of antimicrobial resistance. Majority of pathogenic bacteria grow best at neutral or slightly alkaline ph 7. There are three notable common traits of bacteria, 1 lack of membranebound organelles, 2 unicellular and 3 small usually microscopic size.
Outside, and closely covering this, lies the rigid, supporting cell wall. Many structural features are unique to bacteria and are not found among. Bacteria are like eukaryotic cells in that they have cytoplasm, ribosomes, and a plasma membrane. A second major criterion for distinguishing bacteria is based on the cell wall structure. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext.
Apr 18, 2016 bacteria are the most abundant group of microorganisms in nature. Facultatively anaerobic bacteria can grow in high oxygen or low oxygen content and are among the more versatile bacteria. To learn the techniques of gram staining, nigrosin staining and koh test. Gffgtf file format definition and supported options. Bacterial classification, structure and function introduction the purpose of this lecture is to introduce you to terminology used in microbiology. Read this article to learn about the characteristics, importance and control of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. Common structures bacteria cell transfer dna under protein conjugation f or sex pili plasmids extrachromosomal dna dna chromosomes genetic material dna carbohydrate, lipid, protein, salts reservelager for n. Bacteria are single cell organisms between 1 5 microns in size.
The external and internal characteristics of bacteria are a bit different from the rest of the organisms on the earth. Based on the difference in cellular organization and biochemistry, the kingdom protista has been divided into two groups namely prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Bacteria have a cell wall, with no internal organs or body parts, and can be many shapes. Importance of bacteria typically 40 million bacteria in a gram of soil and a million bacteria in a milliliter of fresh water cyanobacteria have chlorophyll and carry on photosynthesis are primary producers and along with algae provide large amounts of oxygen vital in recycling nutrients decomposers. Objectives to learn the technique of smear preparation. However, most bacteria have not been characterised, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory.
Introduction to the bacteria bacteria are often maligned as the causes of human and animal disease like this one, leptospira, which causes serious disease in livestock. Lipid a is identical for related bacteria is similar for all gramnegative enterobacteriaceae. Bacterial skin infections public health fact sheet public health fact sheet keep wounds clean, and keep drainage away from other people and surfaces. Clumped together, all of those bacteria would weigh much more than every animal and plant living on earth, combined. A longitudinal time course study that relates changes. Entire databases can be downloaded from our ftp site in a variety of formats.
Introduction to the bacteria universitas negeri yogyakarta. In this session we will focus on summarising what you need to know about. The basic unit of bacterial classification is the species, which may be defined as a collection of strains that have many features in common, differing in these features from other groups of strains. Often regarded as the simplest life forms, bacteria make up a diverse group of organisms. Bacteria are classed by shape, feeding method, metabolism and wall features. Bacteria that do not separate from one another after cell division form characteristic clusters that are helpful in their identification. They are prokaryotic in nature meaning they are the earliest forms of the cell without a nucleus. Organos reproductivos zona intestinal cavidad bucal entre hombre y mujeres.
Guide to the identification of an unknown bacterium methods and report format pg. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Pdf bacterias, fungos e protozoarios fungo nitrogenio. Fungi general characteristics mycology myco, myce eukaryotic, aerobic heterotrophic complex nutritional requirements nutritional sources saprophytic decomposers opportunistic parasites host is usually compromised. Bacteria troubleshooting photo gallery operational issues that contribute to bacteria related violations prepared in cooperation with kim laird. Detailed information about the available data and file formats can be found here. A sample of various bacterial shapes is shown below. Jan 31, 2011 bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many steps in nutrient cycles depending on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. The om is a distinguishing feature of gramnegative bacteria. The data can also be downloaded directly from the ensembl bacteria ftp server.
Please be aware that some of these files can run to many gigabytes of data. These schemes utilize the bacterial morphology and staining properties of the. Not all prokaryotes are bacteria, some are archaea, which although they share common physicals features to bacteria, are ancestrally different from bacteria. The most important microorganisms relevant to biotechnology include bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Bacteria such as bacteroides found in the large bowel are examples of anaerobes. The later two bacteria have special requirements for culture and serological confirmation. Chapter 17 domain kingdom bacteria flashcards quizlet. The distribution of metabolic traits within a group of bacteria has traditionally been used to. They lack organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria, and they do not have the true nucleus found in eukaryotic cells. These characters make them immortal, omnipresent and also very versatile.
The bacterium, despite its simplicity, contains a welldeveloped cell structure which is responsible for some of its unique biological structures and pathogenicity. There are types of cells wall that give different staining characteristics with. The branch which is deals with bacteria is known as bacteriology. Microorganisms are very widely distributed, and are.
In contrast, strictly anaerobic bacteria grow only in conditions where there is minimal or no oxygen present in the environment. The taxonomy of bacteria has undergone considerable revision during the past two decades. One of the major features of bacteria is their growth characteristics on various media. Bacteria are typically singlecelled organisms called prokaryotes that may serve as digestive aids, cause disease or aid in decomposition. Instead, their dna, a double strand that is continuous and circular, is located in a nucleoid. The o antigen distinguishes serotypes stains of a bacterial species e.
In most bacteriology laboratories a large collection of identified pure cultures of bacteria, referred to as the stockculture collection is maintained for screening of new, potentially effective bacteria. Like other biological membranes, the om is a lipid. They are unicellular and do not show true branching, except in higher bacteria like actinomycetales. This feature has compelled the scientists to consider bacteria as primitive organisms, i.
Prokaryotes include bacteria, which are divided into two groups. To use and relate the gram stain to the study of bacterial cell morphology, and as an important step in the identification of a bacterial species. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Bacteria characteristics read biology ck12 foundation. Bacteria definition, shapes, characteristics, types. Dec 11, 2011 what are the main features of bacteria. When your hands are dirty, wash them with soap and running water.
Basic laboratory procedures in clinical bacteriology pdf 188p this book is published by world health organization. Bacterial structure characteristic gramnegative bacteria grampositive bacteria wall structure they have a thin lipopolysaccharide exterior cell wall. The core region is the same for a species of bacteria. Despite this diversity, bacteria share a number of characteristics, most notably having prokaryotic cells. In the case of bacteria, grams stain has the widest application, distinguisinhg them as. However, certain bacteria, the actinomycetes, produce antibiotics such as streptomycin and nocardicin. Count to 20 while sudsing to give the soap a chance to work. Eukaryotes include protozoa such as giardia which causes giardiasis, a severe diarrhea, fungi. Bacteria are the earliest microorganisms on the earth.
Bacterial classification, structure and function columbia university. Bacteria contain their dna and other genetic material as a single strand in their cytoplasm, and they reproduce through a process called binary fission. The diversity of bacteria has led this group to be divided into two domains of life, the eubacteria and archaea. Viruses basic structure and general characteristics diseases medical biotechnology bacteria basic structure and general characteristics ecological role economic use diseases medical biotechnology. The gff general feature format format consists of one line per feature, each containing 9 columns of data, plus optional track definition lines. Bacterial cell morphology, staining reactions, classification of bacteria the protoplast is bounded peripherally has a very thin, elastic and semipermeable cytoplasmic membrane a conventional phospholipid bilayer. Bacteria and bluegreen algae are prokaryotes, while fungi. Bacteria diversity of structure of bacteria britannica. Unlike another eukaryotic cell, the bacterial cell is the only cell which lacks a prominent nucleus within. Bacteria are prokaryotic microorganisms that do not contain chlorophyll. Discuss the distinguishing characteristics of gram positive and gram negative. Bacteria are too small to be identified or studied in an optical microscope, but can be studied with an electron microscope.
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